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Background

The data used for this project is bat acoustic signals recorded on Wildlife Refuges throughout the Pacific Northwest. Acoustic data is recorded with a portable recording device and microphone, mounted upon a painters pole. These are place in riparian areas where bats are likely to obtain water and insects.

print(df)
## # A tibble: 5,365 × 25
##    RefugeName RefugeCode Point_Name    ObservationDate latitude longitude
##    <chr>      <chr>      <chr>         <chr>              <dbl>     <dbl>
##  1 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018           44.8     -123.
##  2 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018           44.8     -123.
##  3 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018           44.8     -123.
##  4 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018           44.8     -123.
##  5 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018           44.8     -123.
##  6 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018           44.8     -123.
##  7 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018           44.8     -123.
##  8 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018           44.8     -123.
##  9 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018           44.8     -123.
## 10 Ankeny     AKN        Foxtail Marsh 6/29/2017           44.8     -123.
## # ℹ 5,355 more rows
## # ℹ 19 more variables: species_code <chr>, Point_ID_XX <chr>,
## #   ScientificName <chr>, CommonName <chr>, confirmed <dbl>,
## #   count_vetted <dbl>, reviewed <dbl>, species_list <chr>, GRTS_ID <dbl>,
## #   frame <chr>, admin1 <chr>, admin2 <chr>, eco1_name <chr>, eco2_name <chr>,
## #   eco3_name <chr>, sample_frame <chr>, project_name <chr>, project_id <dbl>,
## #   organization_name <chr>
print(wdf)
## # A tibble: 1,024 × 5
## # Groups:   CommonName, latitude, longitude [1,024]
##    CommonName    latitude longitude RefugeName   sum
##    <chr>            <dbl>     <dbl> <chr>      <dbl>
##  1 Big brown bat     41.6     -119. Sheldon        3
##  2 Big brown bat     41.6     -119. Sheldon        1
##  3 Big brown bat     41.8     -119. Sheldon        5
##  4 Big brown bat     41.8     -119. Sheldon        4
##  5 Big brown bat     41.8     -119. Sheldon        4
##  6 Big brown bat     41.8     -119. Sheldon        2
##  7 Big brown bat     41.8     -119. Sheldon       15
##  8 Big brown bat     42.1     -111. Bear Lake      6
##  9 Big brown bat     42.1     -111. Bear Lake      4
## 10 Big brown bat     42.2     -111. Bear Lake      1
## # ℹ 1,014 more rows

Interactive Map

wdf %>% 
  leaflet() %>% 
  addProviderTiles("Esri.WorldImagery") %>% 
  addCircleMarkers(radius = 10, label = ~paste0("Refuge =",htmlEscape(RefugeName)),
                   color = "blue", group = wdf$CommonName) %>% 
  addLayersControl(baseGroups = wdf$CommonName)

How to get a map:

library(ggmap)

p <- get_map(location = c(lat = 43.618881, lon = -116.215019), 
                           zoom = 5, maptype = "terrain")

bbb <- 
  wdf %>% 
  filter(CommonName == "Big brown bat")

ggmap(p) +
  geom_density_2d(data = bbb, aes(y=latitude, x=longitude), h = 2)+
  ggtitle("Big Brown Bat")

Distribution of:

Species of Greates Concern:

Conclusion:

Throughout the Pacific Northwest there are 16 species of bats, four (Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Pallid Bat, Spotted Bat, Western Red Bat) which have a reduced range. One (Little Brown Myotis) species that resides in the Pacific Northwest is endangered but has a substantial presence.

Discussion:

Comparing data with the Southwestern United States would be Acoustic recordings are a great way to identify species within an area but are not ideal to determine the population sizes for those species. Species with reduced ranges or protective status should be trapped through mist netting procedures